Jekete Lotentha la Okwera Njinga Zamoto: Mayankho Osawopa Mphepo ndi Otentha

1Mwayi Wamsika Wotentha wa Njinga Zamoto

Msika wapadziko lonse wa zovala za njinga zamoto unali ndi mtengo waMadola a ku America 11.2 biliyoni mu 2024, ndi zida zoyendera zotenthetsera zomwe zikuyimira gawo laling'ono lomwe likukula mofulumira kwambiri pa CAGR yoyembekezeredwa ya 16.4% mpaka 2028. Zochitika zitatu zomwe zikugwirizana zikuyendetsa kukula kumeneku.

1. Gawo la anthu oyenda chaka chonse.Ku North America, Northern Europe, ndi East Asia, okwera njinga zamoto okwana 4.5 miliyoni amayenda chaka chonse. Gawoli limafuna zida zogwira ntchito bwino komanso zomasuka zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino nyengo zonse zinayi. Majekete otentha amalola jekete limodzi kusintha jekete la nyengo zitatu ndi jekete lapadera la m'nyengo yozizira, zomwe zimachepetsa mtengo wonse wa zida pamene zikuwonjezera masiku okwera.

2. Wokwera paulendo woyenda ndi woyenda.Malonda a njinga zamoto zoyendera (ADV) awonjezeka ndi 22% pachaka kuyambira 2020. Okwera njinga zamoto za ADV amayendera mtunda wautali m'malo osiyanasiyana a nyengo - nthawi zambiri amadutsa madera osiyanasiyana otentha tsiku limodzi. Majekete otentha tsopano amaonedwa kuti ndi zida zofunika m'malo mowonjezerapo kwa okwera njinga zamoto za ADV.

3. Gawo la cruiser ndi cholowa.Gulu la anthu opitilira 50 (Harley-Davidson, Indian, Triumph, Moto Guzzi riders) ndi gulu la njinga zamoto zomwe zimawononga ndalama zambiri komanso zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzimitsa. Gawoli likugwiritsa ntchito zida zotenthetsera mwachangu ngati zida zoperekedwa ku fakitale, ndipo makampani ambiri akuluakulu opanga magalimoto tsopano akupereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya jekete lotenthetsera ngati gawo la zovala zawo zodziwika bwino.

2Kapangidwe ka Zipolopolo Zosagwedezeka ndi Mphepo ndi Kuyenerera kwa Aerodynamic

Jekete la njinga yamoto yotenthedwa liyenera kugwira ntchito ngati jekete la njinga yamoto yotetezedwa ndi mphepo. Zinthu zotenthetsera zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino mu labu yosasinthasintha zimakhala zosafunikira nthawi yomwe mphepo ya 60 km/h ilowa mu chipolopolocho. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka chipolopolocho ndiye maziko a jekete lotenthetsera lopambana.

Ukadaulo wa nembanemba wosagwedezeka ndi mphepo

Njira zitatu zodzitetezera ndizofala kwambiri m'majekete a njinga zamoto zotenthedwa bwino:

1. Chigoba chofewa chokhala ndi nembanemba yosagwedezeka ndi mphepo:Nsalu yofewa yolumikizidwa (nthawi zambiri imakhala ya 300-400gsm polyester kapena nkhope ya nayiloni yokhala ndi polyurethane yosagwedezeka ndi mphepo kapena nembanemba ya PTFE komanso mkati mwake mopukutidwa). Ndi yabwino kwambiri poyendera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ADV komwe kutonthoza ndi kugwira ntchito chete ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa chitetezo chachikulu cha kukwawa. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapakati m'machitidwe amitundu itatu.
2. Chipolopolo cholimba cha zigawo ziwiri chokhala ndi chopondera chopondera:Nkhope ya nayiloni kapena polyester yolimba kwambiri (500-1000 denier) yokhala ndi chotchingira chosiyana chosalowa mphepo/chosalowa madzi. Ndi muyezo wamakampani opanga ma jekete otentha oyendera anthu ndi oyenda panja. Yolimba kuposa chigoba chofewa, yotsika mtengo kuposa makina amitundu itatu.
3. Kupanga laminate yokhala ndi zigawo zitatu:Nsalu ya nkhope, nembanemba, ndi chogwirira cha kumbuyo chinakulungidwa mu nsalu imodzi. Njira yabwino kwambiri — yopepuka kwambiri, yotsika kwambiri, komanso yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri yopewera mphepo. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu majekete otentha a ADV apamwamba komanso othamanga.

Zinthu Zofunika Kuganizira Zokhudza Kuyenerera kwa Aerodynamic

Mosiyana ndi jekete lotentha losavala bwino, jekete lotentha la njinga yamoto liyenera kudulidwa kuti ligwirizane ndi malo okwera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zofunikira zingapo pakupanga:

• Manja opindika kale:Manja ali patsogolo, osati m'mbali. Chikwama chodulidwa molunjika chimalepheretsa kufikira zigwiriro ndipo chimapanga mikwingwirima mkati mwa chigongono.
• Mphepete wammbuyo wautali:Malo okwerera kumbuyo amazungulira kumbuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti msana ukhale wochepa. Mphepete wammbuyo wautali wa 4-6cm umalepheretsa mpweya wozizira kulowa pansi pa msana ukawerama patsogolo.
• Mphepete mwachifupi kutsogolo:Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, m'mphepete wakutsogolo uyenera kukhala waufupi ndi masentimita 2-3 kuposa jekete wamba kuti usagwedezeke pamene ukuwerama pamwamba pa thanki.
• Kolala yogwetsedwa:Kolala yodulidwa pang'ono yomwe siimakwera mmwamba motsutsana ndi chibwano kapena chisoti pamene mutu uli mmwamba ndi patsogolo pamene ukukwera.
• Mapepala ozungulira chigongono ndi mapewa:Mapepala otambasula pamalo okwera kwambiri amalola jekete kuyenda ndi wokwera m'malo momangirira.

Zofunikira izi ndichifukwa chake ma jekete a njinga zamoto otentha sayenera kusinthidwa kuchokera ku mapangidwe a jekete wamba otentha. Magulu awiriwa azinthu amagawana ukadaulo wotenthetsera koma amafunikira mabuloko osiyana kwambiri. PASSION OUTERWEAR amakhala osiyanamalaibulale a mapangidwe a jekete lotenthedwapa ntchito zosafunikira, ntchito, ski, ndi njinga zamoto kuti gulu lililonse lilandire zomangamanga zomangidwa mwaluso.

3Zosankha Zamagetsi: Mphamvu ya Batri vs 12V ya Njinga

Chimodzi mwa zisankho zofunika kwambiri pa jekete la njinga yamoto yotenthedwa ndi gwero lamagetsi. Pali nsanja ziwiri zosiyana, iliyonse ili ndi ubwino womveka bwino komanso kusinthana.

Majekete a njinga yamoto yotentha yoyendetsedwa ndi batri

Majekete otentha oyendetsedwa ndi batri ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu okwera pagalimoto komanso okwera pagalimoto wamba. Ndi ofala kwambiri — wokwera aliyense amatha kuwagwiritsa ntchito pa njinga yamoto, scooter, kapena ngakhale akuyenda pansi pa njinga akamayenda pansi kapena kuzizira. Ukadaulo wamakono wa batri ya lithiamu-polymer umapereka kutentha kwa maola 4-8 pa mphamvu yonse ya 8-12W, zomwe ndizokwanira pa maulendo ambiri afupiafupi mpaka apakati.

Zofooka za makina ogwiritsira ntchito mabatire zimaonekera bwino paulendo wautali woyendera: wokwerayo ayenera kunyamula mabatire ena owonjezera (aliyense akuwonjezera ~400g) kapena kuyimitsa kuti ayambe kudzaza. Paulendo woyendera tsiku lonse, malire a nthawi yoyendera ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe okwera ena amasankhirabe zida zamagetsi za 12V.

Majekete a njinga yamoto yotentha ya 12V

Majekete otentha a 12V amakoka mphamvu yamagetsi mwachindunji kuchokera ku makina amagetsi a njinga yamoto kudzera mu chingwe cholumikizira ku batire. Malinga ngati injini ikugwira ntchito, makina otenthetsera amakhala ndi nthawi yopanda malire yogwirira ntchito ndipo amatha kupereka kutentha kochulukirapo (30-60W poyerekeza ndi 8-12W pamakompyuta a batire).

Opanga njinga zamoto zazikulu (BMW Motorrad, Harley-Davidson, Indian, KTM, Ducati) ali ndi zolumikizira zamagiya otenthetsera pamitundu yawo yambiri yoyendera ndi mitundu ya ADV. Ma harnesses amitundu yonse amapezekanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zotenthetsera za 12V zigwire ntchito pafupifupi njinga iliyonse. Zoyipa zazikulu ndi izi: sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito panja pa njinga, zimafuna kuyikidwa mosamala, ndipo harnesses yolumikizira mawaya imawonjezera kuchuluka pang'ono kwa magiya mkati mwa jekete.

Makina amphamvu awiri osakanikirana

Kwa ogulitsa omwe amatumikira makasitomala osiyanasiyana, makina osakanikirana amagetsi awiri ndi njira yatsopano. Majekete awa akuphatikizapo doko la batri logwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamulika ndi cholowera cha 12V chogwiritsa ntchito njinga, pomwe makina otenthetsera amasinthasintha okha pakati pa magwero. Makina osakanikirana apamwamba akuchulukirachulukira mu gawo la ADV ndipo mitengo yake ndi $150-220.

4Kukana Kukwiya ndi Miyezo Yachitetezo cha CE

Zovala za njinga zamoto zimayendetsedwa ndi miyezo yosiyana ndi zovala zakunja. Muyezo wa CE EN 17092 umatanthauzira zofunikira pakukanda, kung'ambika, mphamvu ya msoko, ndi chitetezo cha kugwedezeka kwa zovala za njinga zamoto. Majekete otentha a njinga zamoto ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi kuwonjezera pa miyezo yachitetezo chamagetsi.

Makalasi a CE EN 17092

CE EN 17092 inalowa m'malo mwa muyezo wakale wa EN 13595 mu 2019. Imafotokoza magulu anayi achitetezo:

Kwa majekete a njinga zamoto otentha,Kalasi AA ndi malo abwino kwambiri oyendera maulendo ambiri ndi mapulogalamu a ADV, ndipo Gulu A ndi yoyenera kwa anthu oyenda m'mizinda komanso oyenda mwachisawawa. Kuyesa Gulu AAA pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotenthetsera n'kotheka koma nsalu zina zofunika kuti chitetezo cha kugunda chigwire ntchito motsutsana ndi mphamvu ya makina otenthetsera — zigawozo zimateteza kutentha kutali ndi thupi.

Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira pankhani yoteteza ku zotsatirapo

Majekete a njinga zamoto otentha amatha kukhala ndi zoteteza mphamvu za CE Level 1 kapena Level 2 pamapewa, zigongono, ndi kumbuyo. Kuphatikiza zoteteza ndi zotenthetsera kumafuna kukonza bwino mapangidwe kuti tipewe malo opanikizika pa zotenthetsera. Opanga abwino amapanga majekete otentha okhala ndi matumba odzitetezera omwe amaika zotetezera pamwamba pa madera a zotenthetsera, kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu za zinthu komanso kusasangalala ndi malo opanikizika kwa wokwera.

Chitetezo cha magetsi pakagwa ngozi

Chofunika kwambiri pa chitetezo cha majekete a njinga zamoto zotenthedwa: kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ku makina amagetsi pakagwa ngozi? Majekete abwino a njinga zamoto zotenthedwa ndi awa:

• Kuchotsa mwachangu zolumikizira za batrizomwe zimalekanitsa katundu wokhudzana ndi kugundana kwa magetsi, zomwe zimateteza kufupika kwa magetsi komanso chiopsezo cha moto
• Ma fuse olumikizidwa pamzerepa magetsi kuti mupewe kuchulukira kwa magetsi ngati mawaya awonongeka
• Kuyendetsa chingwe mwamphamvum'njira zolimba kwambiri, osati m'malo ogundana ndi ngozi
• Zingwe zotetezera m'thumba la batrizomwe zimasunga batri ngakhale mu slide

5Kapangidwe ka Malo Otenthetsera Kaimidwe ka Kukwera

Kaimidwe ka njinga yamoto kamapangitsa kuti kutentha kuchepe kwambiri kusiyana ndi kuyimirira kapena kuyenda. Jekete la njinga yamoto yotenthedwa yopangidwira kukwera liyenera kuyika malo otenthetsera kuti ligwirizane ndi machitidwe awa.

Malo oyambira otaya kutentha pamalo okwera

• Chifuwa ndi mimba ya pamwamba:Mphepo yamphamvu imagunda mofulumira pa liwiro la 60-120 km/h. Kukwera molunjika kumawonetsa chifuwa cha munthu ku mpweya womwe ukubwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kuchepe kwambiri.
• Kumbuyo ndi mapewa apamwamba:Kutentha kumakwera ndipo kumatsekeredwa kumbuyo kwa jekete, koma kumbuyo kwa khosi kumakhala kowonekera kwambiri. Kolala yotentha imagwira ntchito imeneyi.
• Manja amkati:Pamene manja ali patsogolo ndipo ali kunja pang'ono kwa thupi, pamwamba pa manja amkati pamakhala mphepo yodutsa m'dera la chipinda chogona.
• Impso/msana wam'munsi:Kukwera kutsogolo kumapangitsa kuti msana wakumunsi ukhale wovuta chifukwa cha mphepo yochokera pansi pa galasi lakutsogolo kapena fairing.

Kapangidwe ka malo otenthetsera omwe amalimbikitsidwa pa jekete la njinga yamoto yotenthetsera

Pa jekete la njinga yamoto yotenthetsera ya 12V kapena yotulutsa mphamvu zambiri, kasinthidwe kabwino ka malo ndi:

1. Chifuwa chonse (kumanzere ndi kumanja):Mapanelo akuluakulu ophimba kuyambira pa sternum mpaka m'mbali mwa m'munsi. Malo ofunikira kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito njinga zamoto.
2. Kumtunda kwa msana / pakati pa msana:Imalimbana ndi kutayika kwa kutentha kuchokera kumbuyo kwa jekete lomwe limakanikiza wokwera kapena choteteza kumbuyo.
3. Kolala / khosi:Chofunika kwambiri kuti wokwerayo akhale womasuka. Kuyenda kwa magazi ofunda kupita kumutu kumathandizira kwambiri kutentha komwe kumaoneka.
4. Malo otsika kumbuyo/impso:Zimaletsa malo ozizira omwe amakula kumapeto kwa maulendo ataliatali kutentha kwapakati kukatsika.
5. Ma cuff amkati mwa mkono (njira yapamwamba):Ma cuffs amkati otenthedwa amathandizira ma grip otenthedwa, makamaka ofunika kwa okwera pa ADV okhala ndi ma barkbusters kapena zoteteza manja zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwira bwino kwa grip.

Mapangidwe a magawo asanu tsopano ndi okhazikika pamajekete apamwamba a njinga zamoto zotenthedwa. Pazinthu zoyambirira, mawonekedwe a magawo atatu (chifuwa, msana, kolala) ndi ovomerezeka koma osagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri.

6Miyezo Yolumikizira ndi Kugwirizana kwa Njinga

Pa majekete a njinga zamoto zotenthedwa ndi 12V, muyezo wolumikizira ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuganizira. Makampaniwa ali ogawanika pamiyezo ingapo yopikisana, ndipo cholumikizira chosafanana chimapangitsa jekete kukhala losafunikira kwa kasitomala.

Miyezo yayikulu yolumikizira pamsika

• Cholumikizira cha BMW Motorrad:Yagwiritsidwa ntchito pa maulendo ambiri a BMW ndi mitundu ya ADV kuyambira 2012. Ndi malo akuluakulu kwambiri pakati pa opanga njinga zamoto zapamwamba. Zida zotenthetsera za BMW zimagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira chapadera cha coaxial chokhala ndi choyimitsa kutentha chomwe chimayikidwa mu jekete kapena ngati chowongolera chokhazikika pa chogwirira.
• Cholumikizira cha Harley-Davidson cha ma pin 7:Zoyendera za Harley-Davidson (Electra Glide, Road Glide, Street Glide) kuyambira 2014. Zalumikizidwa ndi makina osangalatsa a njinga a Boom! Box kuti azilamulira kutentha.
• SAE 2-pin (yapadziko lonse):Muyezo wa pambuyo pa msika, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga zida zotenthetsera zomwe si za OEM kuphatikiza Gerbing, Venture Heat, ndi Warm & Safe. Umagwirizana ndi njinga yamoto iliyonse kudzera pa adaputala ya SAE harness. Muyezo waposachedwa wa zida zotenthetsera za pambuyo pa msika.
• Coax DIN (malonda aku Europe):Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu ina ya zida zotenthetsera ku Europe. Zimagwirizana ndi njinga zokhala ndi zida za coax (BMW, Triumph, KTM yokhala ndi pulagi yowonjezera yowonjezera).
• Mitundu ya eni ake:Makina angapo opangira zida zotenthetsera amagwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zawo (Klim, Alpinestars Tech, ndi zina zotero). Izi zimagwira ntchito ndi zingwe ndi zowonjezera za kampaniyi.

Zotsatira zake pa kapangidwe ka OEM

Kwa makampani ogulitsa zovala za njinga zamoto, kusankha cholumikizira kumakhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pazabwino:

• Zida zogwirizana ndi BMWIli ndi galimoto yapamwamba kwambiri ndipo ndiyo yotchuka kwambiri pamsika woyendera maulendo ku Ulaya. Imafuna chilolezo kapena kusintha kapangidwe ka galimoto ya BMW.
• Zida zogwirizana ndi Harley-Davidsonndi wofunikira pamsika wa cruiser ku US. Cholumikizira cha 7-pin ndi cha mwiniwake ndipo sichingapangidwe popanda mgwirizano.
• Zida za SAE 2-pin universalIli ndi malo ambiri pamsika komanso kusagwirizana kochepa kwambiri. Ikulimbikitsidwa kwa atsopano.

PASSION OUTERWEAR imapanga majekete a njinga zamoto otentha okhala ndi zolumikizira za SAE 2-pin universal monga muyezo, ndipo imapereka mitundu yogwirizana ndi BMW komanso Harley ngati njira zodziwika bwino za OEM.pulogalamu yopangira zovala zotenthetseraimaphatikizapo tsatanetsatane wa cholumikizira ngati gawo lokhazikika la kapangidwe kake.

7Njira Yogulitsira Powersports

Kwa makampani opanga zovala za njinga zamoto, njira yogulitsira ya powersports ndiyo njira yofunika kwambiri yogulitsira ya B2B. Jekete la njinga yamoto lotenthedwa silimagulidwa kawirikawiri pa intaneti popanda chidziwitso cha kampani - makasitomala amafuna kukhudza jekete, kumva zinthu zotenthetsera, kuwona ngati likuyenerera, ndikufunsa mafunso asanagule $250-450. Chifukwa chake, njira yogulitsira ndi njira yogulitsira siingasiyanitsidwe ndi njira yogulitsira.

Mtengo wa ogulitsa ndi kapangidwe ka mitengo

Kapangidwe kabwino ka ogulitsa ma jekete a njinga zamoto zotenthedwa mu njira ya powersports:

• Mtengo wogulira zinthu zonse:50-55% ya MSRP (mtengo wogulitsa womwe wopanga amalonjeza)
• Mtengo wa wogulitsa:25-30% kuchotsera pa MSRP
• Chitsanzo cha MSRP:Jekete la $200 logulitsa pamtengo wa $360-400
• Chilimbikitso cha Spiff / malonda:Mtengo wa $25-50 pa jekete lililonse kwa wogulitsa ndi wokhazikika pa zida zotenthetsera

Zofunikira pa chithandizo cha ogulitsa

Ogulitsa masewera a Powersports amayembekezera thandizo lalikulu kuchokera kwa ogulitsa zida zawo zotenthetsera:

• Magawo owonetsera:Majekete owonetsera ogwira ntchito okhala ndi zinthu zotenthetsera, magetsi, ndi zizindikiro. Ogulitsa amayembekezera osachepera mayunitsi awiri kapena atatu owonetsera pa mtundu uliwonse womwe wanyamulidwa.
• Zipangizo zophunzitsira:Mapepala ofotokozera zinthu, mavidiyo ophunzitsira malonda, ndi chitsogozo choyerekeza cha tsamba limodzi.
• Chithandizo cha chitsimikizo:Chitsimikizo cha zaka ziwiri pa zinthu zotenthetsera ndi batri, ndi njira yosinthira yosavuta.
• Kampani yogulitsa malonda:Ndalama zogulitsira za 3-5% kwa ogulitsa omwe amayendetsa malonda am'deralo okhala ndi mtunduwo.
• Kubwezeretsanso zinthu m'nyengo:Pulogalamu yolimbikira yogulira zinthu zisanakwane nyengo yokhala ndi nthawi yolipirira yowonjezereka (nthawi zambiri net-60 kapena net-90 pa oda yotsegulira nyengo).

Malonda a nyengo

Kugulitsa ma jekete a njinga zamoto zotentha kumachitika kwambiri m'nyengo ya Northern Hemisphere, ndipo 60-70% ya kuchuluka kwa njinga zamoto pachaka kumayambira mu Seputembala mpaka Disembala. M'misika ya kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi (Australia, South America, Southern Africa), nyengo imayambira mu Marichi mpaka Julayi. Ogulitsa akuyembekeza kuti ogulitsa atumize maoda otsegulira nyengo pofika pa Ogasiti 1 ku Northern Hemisphere, ndipo katundu wowonjezera ulipo nthawi yonseyi.

Kwa ogula a OEM omwe akukonzekerapulogalamu yotenthetsera zovala, nthawi yopangira iyenera kuwerengera nyengo ino. Kupanga kwakukulu kuyenera kumalizidwa pofika mu Juni kuti kutumizidwe kwa Ogasiti, ndikusiya masabata 8-10 a mwayi woti zinthu zichedwe mosayembekezereka. PASSION OUTERWEAR imasunga malo osungiramo zinthu asanafike nthawi yopangira kuti makasitomala obwerezabwereza atsimikizire kuti nthawi yopangira zinthu ndi yofunika kwambiri.

Greg Su

Woyang'anira Zamalonda Wamkulu | PASSION OUTERWEAR

Zaka 20 zakuchitikira mu zovala zamasewera, zovala zantchito, ndi zovala zakunja. Wovomerezeka mu miyezo ya BSCI, SMETA, GRS, ndi OEKO-TEX. Lumikizanani nafeLinkedIn.